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Xuanzang

Given / Temple NameChen YiStyle / AliasMaster Tripitaka

The master translator who journeyed west for scriptures for seventeen years

Vessels of the Civilization · Pathfinders & Historians
The pilgrimage westThe Consciousness-Only schoolRecords of the Western Regions

Who they are

Xuanzang found that the Chinese translations of the Buddhist scriptures contradicted one another and resolved to go to India for the true texts. In 627, defying the ban, he slipped out past the frontier, crossed eight hundred li of drifting sand alone, climbed the snow peaks of the Pamirs, and after four years reached India, studying five years under Master Silabhadra at Nalanda, and once holding forth for eighteen days at the great assembly at Kanyakubja with none able to refute him. In 645 he returned to Chang’an with six hundred and fifty-seven Sanskrit scriptures, and Taizong received him in person; for nineteen years thereafter he directed the translation bureau, rendering over thirteen hundred fascicles with such precision that they could be translated back into Sanskrit after the originals were lost. His dictated Records of the Western Regions became the first-hand source for the history of Central Asia and India — nine hundred years after Xuanzang’s death, Wu Cheng’en made him the monk Tang Sanzang of Journey to the West.

Key stories

Rather die going west

Crossing the eight hundred li of the Moheyan drifting sands, Xuanzang knocked over his water bag and went four nights and five days without a drop, man and horse collapsing in the sand. He had sworn an oath, "rather die going west than live going back east," and, murmuring to Guanyin in his delirium, on the fifth night his old horse walked of its own accord to a patch of grass and a spring, and he survived. The whole journey west had no magic powers and no disciples — only a monk who had crossed the border illegally and a lean horse that knew the way — the real version is harder than the novel.

The debate at Kanyakubja

King Harsha held a great open assembly for Xuanzang, attended by eighteen kings of the Five Indias and three thousand monks. Xuanzang hung the thesis of his "Treatise on the True Consciousness-Only" at the assembly gate for anyone to refute, as custom allowed — and for eighteen days no one could challenge it. The Mahayana honored him as "the God of Mahayana," the Hinayana as "the God of Liberation." A foreign student from the "borderlands" gave the closing statement at the highest lectern of Buddhism’s homeland, then declined every offering and returned home to translate.

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