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Dmitri Mendeleev

Original nameDmitri Mendeleev

Russian Chemist, Creator of the Periodic Table of Elements

The Laws Behind the Technology · Theoretical Founders
The Periodic Table of ElementsThe Periodic LawThe Prediction of Unknown Elements

Who they are

Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907) was a Russian chemist who in 1869, systematically ordering the sixty-odd then-known chemical elements, found that arranging them in order of atomic weight made their chemical properties show a marked periodic recurrence, and on this basis designed the periodic table of elements, boldly leaving several blank positions in the table and publicly predicting that these gaps corresponded to as-yet-undiscovered new elements, and quite accurately predicting from the periodic law the atomic weights and chemical properties of these unknown elements. Over the years after, gallium, germanium, scandium, and other elements were actually discovered by other chemists, their properties astonishingly matching Mendeleev’s earlier predictions, and this series of successful predictions greatly consolidated the authoritative standing of the periodic table as the core theoretical tool of chemistry. The periodic table thereafter became the most basic and indispensable organizing framework in all modern chemistry education and research, profoundly influencing the systematic exploration of new materials in materials science, the semiconductor industry, and many other fields. Mendeleev himself was eccentric, sporting a signature bushy long beard, and by tradition the inspiration for his final arrangement of the periodic table came from a dream during a nap.

Primary sourcesDmitri Mendeleev, Principles of Chemistry

Key stories

The Table of Elements Arranged in a Dream

By Mendeleev’s own late recollection, he racked his brains for days seeking the final law of arranging the elements without finding it, until, dozing off after work at his desk, he clearly saw in a dream a completely arranged table of elements, and on waking immediately recorded what he had seen, thereafter making only minor adjustments to a few positions — this anecdote of "insight in a dream" was widely spread through his own repeated telling, though modern historians of science broadly hold it more the fruit of long systematic thought than pure chance inspiration.

The Blank Spaces That Predicted Unknown Elements

In compiling the periodic table Mendeleev boldly left several positions deliberately blank, publicly asserting that these gaps corresponded to as-yet-undiscovered new elements, and predicting from the periodic law the specific atomic weights and chemical properties of these unknown elements; over the mere fifteen years after, gallium, germanium, scandium, and other elements were actually discovered by other scientists, their measured properties astonishingly matching Mendeleev’s earlier predictions, and this series of successful verifications greatly raised the scientific authority and predictive power of the periodic table as a chemical theoretical tool.

Relationships

Echoes today

Below are how modern works borrow or reinterpret this name or story — not the original material. The two differ, so keep them apart.

Element 101, "mendelevium"In commemoration of Mendeleev’s contribution, element 101, discovered in 1955, was named "mendelevium," one of the very few radioactive synthetic elements named for a chemist.

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