← All schools⛪ c. 500 – 1400
Scholasticism
Foundation engineering for faith using Aristotle’s logic — a millennium-long negotiation between reason and revelation inside the medieval university.
Boethius translated Aristotle in a death cell and left the Middle Ages its logic textbooks; six centuries later that inheritance flowed back by way of the Arabic world — Avicenna’s metaphysics, Averroes’ commentaries, Maimonides’ reconciliations — three faiths working the same problem on the same Greek texts: how reason and revelation can share a house. Aquinas’ Summa is the closing statement of that thousand-year negotiation: reason can demonstrate God’s existence, and revelation stands above reason without contradicting it. "Scholastic" later became a byword for hair-splitting, but most of modern philosophy’s conceptual toolkit — essence and existence, potency and act — was forged in its workshop.