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Friedrich Hayek

Original nameFriedrich Hayek

Standard-bearer of the Austrian School, defender of the free market

Those Who Argued Over Markets for a Century · Critics & the Macro Debate
Free MarketAustrian SchoolPrice SignalsAnti-Planning

Who they are

An Austrian-born economist and political philosopher, the lifelong intellectual opponent of Keynes. He firmly opposed excessive government intervention and central planning of the economy. He held a profound insight: market prices are a supremely efficient "information system" that condenses the countless pieces of knowledge scattered in the hands of every individual — knowledge no central authority could ever fully grasp — into individual price signals, spontaneously coordinating the production and consumption of the whole society. He therefore asserted that any attempt to replace the market with central planning is doomed to fail for lack of information. In The Road to Serfdom he warned that centralized economic planning would ultimately lead to political unfreedom.

Primary sourcesHayek, The Road to SerfdomThe Use of Knowledge in Society

Key stories

The Vast Information Hidden in a Price

Hayek asked a profound question: the price of a can of tin rises, and at once thousands of tin users the world over economize on tin and look for substitutes — yet the vast majority of them have no idea why the price rose (perhaps a mine closed somewhere, perhaps a new use appeared). They need to know only one signal — "tin has become dearer" — and spontaneously make the right adjustment. From this Hayek argued that market prices are a miraculous information system with no central brain that nonetheless coordinates the actions of billions — the very reason central planning can never replace it.

Relationships

Echoes today

Below are how modern works borrow or reinterpret this name or story — not the original material. The two differ, so keep them apart.

"Price as information" and the free-market revivalHayek’s insight that "prices are an irreplaceable information system" profoundly influenced information economics and modern free-market thought; The Road to Serfdom is also the classic most-cited by liberals opposing excessive intervention.

Appears in