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Hedy Lamarr

Original nameHedy Lamarr

Hollywood Actress, Co-Inventor of the Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Communication Patent

The Names Remembered · Small Roles, Famous Names
Frequency-Hopping Spread SpectrumA Star of Hollywood’s Golden AgeAn Early Patent of Modern Wireless Communication

Who they are

Hedy Lamarr (1914–2000) was born in Vienna, Austria, a widely acclaimed film actress of Hollywood’s golden age and at the same time a little-known but highly talented amateur inventor. During World War II she, with the composer George Antheil, conceived a scheme for the control signal of a radio-guided torpedo to keep hopping rapidly among several frequencies by a preset pattern — this "frequency-hopping" design could effectively prevent the enemy from intercepting or jamming one’s own torpedo’s radio control signal — and the two applied for and received a patent for it in 1942. This patent, in their age, for the limits of technical conditions, was not actually adopted by the US Navy and was long buried and forgotten, but this core technical idea of "frequency-hopping spread spectrum," thereafter continually improved by other engineers, became decades later one of the core technical principles relied on by wireless local networks (WiFi), Bluetooth, and some military anti-jamming communication systems. Lamarr herself long failed to gain public recognition matching her technical contribution, until in 1997 — three years before her death — she at last received an award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation formally acknowledging her historical contribution as co-inventor of frequency-hopping technology, and "the most beautiful woman in Hollywood was also a buried technological inventor," this contrast becoming the core of her thereafter widely told legendary story.

Primary sourcesLamarr and Antheil’s "secret communication system" patent documents (US Patent No. 2292387, 1942)

Key stories

The Screen Goddess’s Secret Patent

Apart from her star-studded film career in Hollywood, Lamarr always held a keen amateur interest in engineering invention, and during World War II she keenly sensed that the single-fixed-frequency radio control signal the Allied torpedoes then commonly used was easily intercepted and jammed by the enemy, so with the composer George Antheil, drawing on the principle of the keys jumping to switch notes in a player-piano device, she conceived the "frequency-hopping" scheme of letting the control signal keep hopping rapidly among several frequencies, and successfully patented it.

A Technical Foresight Buried for Half a Century

Lamarr and Antheil’s frequency-hopping patent, for the limits of technical conditions at the time of application, was not actually adopted by the US Navy, and this invention was thereafter long buried and forgotten, until decades later, as modern wireless communication technologies such as wireless local networks and Bluetooth appeared in turn, engineers gradually realized that the core principle these technologies relied on was of one lineage with Lamarr’s patent conception, and only in 1997 — the last years of her life — did she at last receive an award formally acknowledging this technological contribution recognized only after half a century.

Relationships

Echoes today

Below are how modern works borrow or reinterpret this name or story — not the original material. The two differ, so keep them apart.

"Lamarr Day" and advocacy of women’s technological contributionsIn recent years several technology-industry organizations have established annual events named for Lamarr to draw public attention to the contributions of historically overlooked women inventors.

Appears in

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