🐉HistoryChinese History
🏠 Home🌐 中文
Chinese HistoryDYNASTIES
🐍

Qin Hui

The eternally condemned chancellor who steered the Shaoxing peace and framed Yue Fei

Vessels of the Court · Chancellors & Reformers
The Shaoxing peace accordThe peace factionFengbo Pavilion

Who they are

Qin Hui was carried off by the Jin during the Jingkang upheaval and years later returned south with his household intact — a homecoming so smooth it aroused suspicion in his contemporaries, and the claim that "the Jin released Qin Hui back" persists to this day. Reading exactly Emperor Gaozong’s reluctance to bring back the two captive emperors and his wish only to hold a corner in peace, he monopolized power through two terms as chancellor over nineteen years: steering the Shaoxing peace, submitting to Jin as a vassal and paying tribute; and mounting literary inquisitions to crush the war party, framing Yue Fei and his son to death. Overwhelming in power in life, within decades of his death he was fixed as the chief of treacherous ministers. Before the Yue Fei Temple in Hangzhou, the iron kneeling statues of him and his wife Lady Wang have knelt from the Ming to today, and the idiom "the east window comes to light" refers to the very window at which his household plotted to kill Yue Fei.

Key stories

The east window comes to light

Legend has it that Qin Hui hesitated over killing Yue Fei and plotted with his wife Lady Wang beneath the east window; she said, "It is easy to catch a tiger, hard to let one go." So Yue Fei died. Later, when Qin Hui fell ill and died while boating on West Lake, an occultist saw him in the underworld bearing an iron cangue in punishment, and Qin Hui sent word: "Trouble my wife with this message — the east window has come to light." The tale comes from a Yuan-dynasty anecdote, a folk elaboration — but "the east window comes to light" entered the language, the people supplying, in their own way, the verdict on this historical mystery.

The kneeling iron statues

In the reign of the Ming Emperor Xianzong, iron kneeling statues of Qin Hui and his wife were cast before Yue Fei’s tomb in Hangzhou; travelers struck and cursed them, and they were destroyed and recast again and again — the present ones are the umpteenth version over the centuries. A Qing-dynasty top graduate surnamed Qin, visiting the tomb, left a couplet: "Since the Song, men are ashamed to be named Hui; come to this grave, I blush to be surnamed Qin." Here the Chinese way of dealing with historical justice takes physical form: in the temple the loyal soul’s incense never fails, and below the steps the traitor kneels forever — the trial is held not in a court but in the people’s memory.

Relationships

Appears in