Buffett’s golden partner, advocate of "multiple mental models"
An American investor and lawyer, Warren Buffett’s golden partner of over sixty years and vice-chairman of Berkshire Hathaway. It was he who persuaded Buffett to move from pure "bargain-hunting" to "buying great businesses at reasonable prices" — a shift that shaped the later Buffett. Erudite, sharp, and biting of tongue, he advocated using interdisciplinary "multiple mental models" (a way of thinking that fuses psychology, mathematics, physics, biology, and more) for investing and life decisions, and stressed above all rationality and avoiding folly. His wisdom on avoiding cognitive bias and "inverting" influenced countless investors and entrepreneurs through Poor Charlie’s Almanack.
Munger loved to quote a line: "Invert, always invert." To have a happy life, first study what makes life miserable, then avoid it; to invest well, first list all the foolish things that cause failure, then don’t do them. He spent great effort on "avoiding stupidity" rather than "pursuing brilliance." It was this contrarian, interdisciplinary rationality that, with Buffett, built a legend in the history of investing.
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