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Clytemnestra

The Queen Who Avenged Her Daughter

Small Roles, Famous Names · Mortal Passersby
RevengeHusband-Killing

Who they are

Agamemnon’s queen and Helen’s sister. After her husband lured away their eldest daughter under the pretext of marriage and sacrificed her, she spent ten years awaiting the reckoning. Aeschylus’s Oresteia trilogy turns on her: the husband-killing, the son’s matricide, and the trial by the Furies — the first great Western debate on justice versus private vengeance.

Primary sourcesHomer, Odyssey (brief mention)Aeschylus, Agamemnon

Key stories

Ten Years to Sharpen a Blade

From the day her daughter was tricked onto the altar, she began to rule as regent, to scheme, and to wait. When her husband returned in triumph she rolled out a crimson carpet and spoke to him tenderly. In the bath the robe came down, and three strokes ended him. She stood over the body with the blade and told the elders: this is not murder, but a verdict. Later she died by her own son’s sword — the chain of blood-debt runs link by link through this family.

Relationships

Siblings

Echoes today

Below are how modern works borrow or reinterpret this name or story — not the original material. The two differ, so keep them apart.

An archetype of the avenger in literary criticismOften discussed against Hamlet’s mother Gertrude — one of the sources of the Western image of the "calculating, vengeful queen."

Appears in

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