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Isis

AlsoIsis

The Great Mother Goddess Who Revived Her Husband by Magic and Guarded Horus

Death and Resurrection · The Osiris Cycle
MagicMotherhoodThe Throne

Who they are

Isis is Egypt's greatest goddess — the embodiment of magic, motherhood, and kingship. She is both the wife of Osiris and the one who found and revived him; alone in the marshes she raised the infant Horus to manhood, hiding from Set's pursuit, and helped him later win back the throne. Her magic surpassed that of all the gods — she even tricked the sun god Ra into revealing his secret true name, and so gained power almost equal to his. As the archetype of the "divine mother and child" (Isis cradling the infant Horus), her image spread across the Mediterranean in Greco-Roman times, her cult enduring until the rise of Christianity; the image of the Madonna cradling her child is seen by many scholars as a distant echo of statues of Isis. She is antiquity's strongest voice for the faith that love and endurance conquer death.

Primary sourcesPlutarch, On Isis and OsirisThe Book of the DeadGreco-Roman-era texts of the Isis cult

Key stories

Tricking the Sun God’s True Name

Isis wanted supreme power, and power lay hidden in a god's "true name." She fashioned a serpent from Ra's spittle and earth, and it bit the aged sun god. In his agony Ra recited all his names in search of a cure, and Isis said: only if you tell me your deepest, hidden true name can I heal you. At last Ra had to surrender the name — and from then on Isis wielded almost unlimited magic. To know a being's most secret name is to command it: this is the core idea of Egyptian magic, and Isis turned it on the sun god himself.

The Mother in the Marshes

After Osiris's death, Isis, carrying Horus, hid in the papyrus marshes of the Nile Delta, bearing and hiding and raising the child alone, evading Set's watch. Once the little Horus was stung by a venomous scorpion and hung near death, and Isis's pleading roused the gods, so that Thoth sent down a spell to save the child. This story of a "lone mother hiding her child from pursuit in the wilderness" is the most human chapter of Egyptian myth, and made Isis the protector of all mothers — her love not an abstract divinity but concrete nights kept watch, flights taken, illnesses cured.

Version differences

The cult of Isis spread across the Mediterranean in Greco-Roman times and its theology was heavily Hellenized; the link between the "Madonna and Child" image and depictions of Isis holding Horus is a scholarly hypothesis, not settled fact.

Relationships

Father
Mother
Children

Echoes today

Below are how modern works borrow or reinterpret this name or story — not the original material. The two differ, so keep them apart.

Goddess worship in the Mediterranean worldTemples of Isis were built widely across the Roman Empire, including one at Pompeii; she was for a time one of the most popular savior goddesses before the rise of Christianity.

Appears in